snfsf cys ;fws Pj+ Pp6f :jfeLdflg JolQmTj s'ndfg l;+x e08f/Lsf] hGd lj=;+= !(*@ ;fnsf] df3 dlxgfsf] @! ut] x'gk'u]sf] lyof] . plg hGd]sf lyP sf7df08f}sf] ltgyfgf uf=lj=;= df dftf b]j s'df/L e08f/L / kLtf os axfb'/ e08f/Lsf] Ho]i7 ;'k'qsf ?kdf .

snfsf/ s'ndfg l;+x e08f/Ln] ljBfno :t/sf] lzIffdf bz sIff plQ0f{ ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . snfsf/sf] hGd /fzL / -JoQmL_ sf] hGd ;+u} x'G5 eGbf s'g} c;/ gknf{ / lsgeg] Pp6f ;Rrf snfsf/df hGdl;4 ljif]z u'0f x'G5 / To;n] g] kl5 p;nfO{ hlt;'s} s7f]/ k/L:yLtLdf klg snf If]qaf6 knfog ug{ lbb}g . o;}sf/0fn] s'ndfg l;+x e08f/Ldf klg afNosfn b]lvg} lrqsnfsf] 7"nf] OR5f b]lvPsf] lyof] . plg ;fg}af6 lrqx? sf]g{ z'? ug]{x?df kb{5g\ . pgsf 3/df o; If]qdf nfUg] c/ sf]lx lyPg . snfnfO{ a'emg]sf] klg cefj lyof] . ;f]lx sf/0fn] ubf[ pgn] lrqsf/L u/]sf] pgsf] 3/df s;}n] klg dgk/fpFb}g lyP . pgsf a'af os axfb'/ t emg} 5f]/fn] lrq agfPsf] ;xg} ;Sb}g lyP . pQm cj:yfdf klg s'ndfg n] cfk"m leq /x]sf] snfsf/ x[bonfO{ dg{ lbPgg\ . plg n'sL n'sL lrq agfpblyP . uf]7fnf] hfFbf b[io lrqx? a9L /rgf ub{y] . Ps k6s uf]7fnf] uPs] ;dodf eL/df a;]/ b[Zo lrq lrq0f u/L/x]sf] ;dodf k5f8Laf6 csf]{ ufO{n] cfP/ xfGbf plg u'N6b} lgs} tn;Dd k'u]sf lyP . TotLv]/ plg dfq bz jif{sf lyP . o;/L lrq /rgf u/]sf] s'/f afa'n] yfxf kfpFbf v'a} lj?f]w ;xg' kb{Yof] pgn] . lj=;+= !(() ;fnsf] dxfe'sDkn] pgsf] 3/ cfkm\g} cfFvf ;fd'Gg] Ift\ ljIft eof] . TotLa]nf plg hDdf * jif{sf lyP / pgsf afa' ;}lgs ;]jfdf ePsfn] plg 3/ eTsLPkl5 cfkm\gL alxgLnfO{ af]s]/ af sf] vf]hLdf lg:sLPsf lyP . kl5 :yfgLo l5d]sLx/n] g} c:yfO{ 5fk|f] agfOlbPsf lyP . Tof] cj:yfsf] b'Mv / hLDd]jf/Ln] s'ndfg l;+xnfO{ ;ft] pd]/ b]lv ;+j]bgzLn, lrGtgzLn / Jojxfl/s agfpFb} nUof] . pgsf # bfh' efO{ / # lbbL alxgLdf plg ;a} eGbf h]7f ;Gtfg ePsfn] klg y'k\} hLDd]jf/L, pgn] jxg ug'{k/]sf] lyof] .

Ps lbg cfk"mn] agfPsf ;Dk"0f{ lrqx? of+sdf n'sfO{ cfk'm afxL/ uPsf] a]nfdf pgsf a'afn] 6\ofÍf vf]nL x]/]5g\ / s'ndfgsf a'afnfO{ To; If0fsf] 7"nf] k|efj k/]5 . ca o;nfO{ h] u/] klg of] lrqsf/Laf6 5'6fpg g;sLg] eof], a? o;} k];fdf ;xof]u u5'{ elg ;f]r]5g\ . To;kl5 s'ndfgnfO{ pgsf a'afn] lrqsnfsf ljljw 1fg / zLk ;Lsfpg yfnf] . :ynut ?kdf klg pgnfo[ a'jfn] lrqsf]g{ l;sfP . 3/]n" ;fdfgx?af6} a'?;, /+u cfbL ;fdfgx? tof/ u/]/ k|of]u ug{ pgnfo{ a'afn] g] ;LsfP . To;kl5 s'ndfgsf a'afn] s'ndfgsf] lrqsf/L k]zfnfo{ cem} lgk'0f / s'zn agfpg] p3]Zon] TotLj]nfsf 7'nf snfsf/x/sxf+ s'ndfgnfO{ lnP/ uP . s'Ndfgsf a'afsf] snfsf/ rGb|dfg l;+x df:s] ;+u /fd|f] lrghfg lyof] . pgn] s'ndfgnfO{ TofxfF nu/ 5f8] s]lx hfgf]; s]lx ;Lsf]; eg]/ . To:t} pgnfO{ d+;'/L ;d;]/, jfn] s[i0f ;d tyf cGo snfsf/x?sxf+ klg a'jfn] g] k'/fO{lbg' ePsf] lyof] . s'ndfg l;+x :jodn] atfP cg';f/ pgsf ( hgf u'? yLP . pgn] cfkm\gf a'afnfO{ klg snf u'? elg eg]sf 5g\ . s'ndfgn] lj=;+= !((* ;fndf h"4snf kf7zfnfdf @ jif{ ;Dd snf zLIff lng'ePsf] lyof] . ;f]lx ;dod} csf{ j/Li7snfsf/ t]haxfb'/ lrqsf/sf] 3/d] uP/ klg pgn} lrq ;Ls]sf lyP . afns[i0f ;d ;+u pgn] @))! ;fndf k|zLIf0f lnPsf lyP eg] @))@ ;fndf rGb|dfg l;+x df:s];+u To;} u/L !((& ;fndf d;'/L ;d;]/;+u JolQmlrq agfpg l;Sg'ePsf] lyof] . kf/;d0fL /~hLtsf/ sfrf]{lk e/]/ wfuf]4f/f d'xf/ lrq agfpFbyLP, s'ndfgn} plg;Fu klg Ond ;LSg'ePsf] lyof] .

lrqsf/ s'ndfg l;+xn] #)-#% jif{ 3/]n' pBf]u ljefudf k|d'v lzIfs kbdf /x]/ sfo{ ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . jxfn] cfkm\gf] hLjgsf] ^@ jif[sf] pd]/df cjsfz lng' ePsf] lyof] . jxf+n];]gfdf klg s/La @ jif[ hlt ;]jf ug'{ePsf lyof] . t/ ;]gfdfdf ;}jf/t /x+bf klg jxfFn] sfd eg] lrqsf/L g] ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . ;]gfdf sfo{/t ?x]s} ;dodf jxfFn] nlntk'/sf d+unahf/df cfkm\gf snfx?sf] k|bz{lg u/]sf lyP . To; avt hg cfGbf]ng @)$^ sf ;jf]{Rr sdf08/ :j= u0f]zdfg l;+xn] pgsf s[tLx?af6 k|efljt e} pgnfO{yk snf cWoogsf nflu ljb]z k7fOlbg] arg lbPsf lyP . of] @))* ;fnsf] s'/f lyof] eg] To; cl3 g} lj=;+= @))) ;fndf n}grf}/df ePsf] /fli6"o k|bz{lgsf] :6ndf klg ! dlxgf;Dd ;xefuL ePsf lyP . s'ndfg l;+xn] ;]gfsf] hfuL/ 5f]8]kl5 ef/tsf] dz'/L hfg' eof] . Tofxf pgn] PshgfnfO{ u'? agfP, pgsf] gfd sfn' k+8Lt lyof] . plg klg snfsf/ g} lyP . ToxfF s'ndfg l;+xn] w]/} sfd u/]sf lyP{ . ToxfFaf6 gjef/t 6fOD; / O08Lof 6'8] gfds klqsfx?df klg pgsf n]v-/rgfx? lrq;xLt 5fkLGy] . To;kl5 TofxfF klg pgnfO{lrGg]sf] 7"nf] ;d"x aGof] / d'xf/ lrq agfpg dfG5]x?sf] eL8 hDdf x'g yfNof] . Tofxf c? snfsf/x?n] agfpg g;s]sf ;fgf-d;Lgf kmf]6fx?af6 klg s'ndfg l;+xn] ;hLn] agfOlbg' x'GYof] . ToxfF @-# jif{ a;]/ jxfF k'g g]kfn kms{g' eof] . s'ndfg l;+x dWod juL{o kl/jf/sf JolQm lyP . pgsf] k/Ljf/sf] u'hf/f k|fo v]ltkftLaf6} x'GYof] .

lj=;+= @)!@ ;fndf /fhg}lts cfZyfsf sf/0f s'ndfg l;+xnfO{ pgsf a'afn] c+z lbP/ eLGbf u/fOlbg' eof] @))& ;fnsf] qmfGtL k"j{ s'ndfg l;+x cWofTdjfbL lrGtgdf nflu kg' ePsf]lyof] t/ ))& ;fnsf] sflGt kl5 jxfn] dfS;{jfbL lrGtgdf hLjg latfpg[ eof] . ;f]xL sf/0f jxfFnfO{ 3/af6 5'l§g' k¥of] . jxFfn] dfS;{jfbL bz{gsf] ulx/f] cWoog ug'{ePsf] lyof] . jxfFsf lrqx?df klg k|i6 ?kdf dfS;{jfbL bz{g kfpg ;lsG5 . Pp6f dflg;n] ;f]Rb} g;f]r]sf] qmddf Tof] hgfj/ xf], ha dfG5]n] ;f]Rg yfNb5, ta dfG5] eof] eGg] s'ndfg l;+x cWoog / lrGtgn] hlt;'s} ljsl;t eP klg cfkm" ;f/} ;f]emf] ;/n / Psbd} :jfledfgL b]lvg' x'GYof] . a? lrq agfpFb} gagfpg] t/ agfPkl5 Tof] ;flxTo h:t} hgtfn] a'em\g] x'g'kb{5 elg eGg'x'GYof] jxfF . x'g klg ^@ jif{sf] pd]/df 3/]n' ljefusf] jl/i6 snf lzIfssf] kbaf6 cjsfz lng' eP kl5 jxfFn] :jtGq hLjg afFr]/ l;h{gfTds ;f]rfOnfO{ ult lbg'eof], snf ;DaGwL n]vx? lg/Gt/ k|sflzt eO/x] eg] afn ;flxTodf klg jxfFsf]snd t]h x'g yfNof] . ;f]xL qmddf jxfFn] …d]/f] snfsf/ u'?x?Ú gfds k':tssf] klg k|sfzg ug'{eof] . jxfFn] cfkm\gf] hLjgsfndf sl/a *)-() j6f Psn k|bz{gLx? ug'{ epsf] kfOG5 . To:t} ;fd"lxs k|bz{gLsf] ;+Vof Tof] eGbf dfly k'Ub5 . cGo snfsf/sf] em} t8s-e8s Hofbf k|rf/ / cf}krfl/s k|bz{gL ug]{ afgL lyPg jxfFsf] . jxfF ;fwf/0f ?kdf hxfF hxfF cfkm" k'Uof] ToxfF ToxfF s]xL 306fsf] nflu g} eP klg cfkm\gf s[ltx?sf] k|bz{gL ul/ xfNg' x'GYof] . o;/L ;/;tL{ x]bf{ jxfFn] ug'{ ePsf s]xL pNn]Vo k|bz{gLx?df @))) lj=;= df /fli6"o pBf]u k|bz{gL n}grf}/df ! dlxgf :6ndf lrq k|bz{g u/]sf], To;}u/L jxfFn] @))* ;fndf nlntk'/sf] d+unahf/df x:tsnf k|bz{gLdf klg efu lng'ePsf] lyof] . To;}u/L lj=;= @))( tyf @)!) ;fndf ef/tsf] d;'/L lrqzfnf cf6{ Uofn/Ldf k|bz{gL u/]sf] . lj=;= @)!! ;fndf k/f]ksf/ ;+:yfåf/f cfof]lht /fli6"o pBf]u k|bz{gLdf bf];|f] eP/ /ht kbs ;d]t k|fKt u/]sf] . To:t} ;g\ !(%# df ef/tsf] lbNnLdf ePsf] cGt/f{li6"o lrqsnf k|bz{gLsdf klg cfkm\gf s[ltx? k7fP/ jxfFn] efu lng'ePsf] lyof] . km]l/ lj=;= @))* ;fndf nlntk'/ /Iff d08naf6 cfof]hgf ul/Psf] nlntk'/ cfbz{ snf k|bz{gLdf efu lng' ePsf] lyof] . To; k|bz{gLdf jxfFn] @% j6f s[lt ;fd]n u/fpg' ePsf]df tL ;a} ljqmL ePsf lyP . To;kl5 jxffn] lj=;= @)!# ;fndf g]kfn snf ;ldltåf/f cfof]hgf ul/Psf] xg'dfg9f]sf b/af/ Uofn/Ldf g]kfn snf k|bz{gLdf klg efu lng' ePsf] lyof] . kl5 lj=;= @)!$ a}zfvdf :jf:Yo lzIffaf6 cfof]hgf ul/Psf] k|bz{gldf klg jxfFn] efu lng' ePsf] lyof] . To;}u/L csf]{ lj=;= @)!# ;fndf df]/Ë o'js ;fF:s[lts ;ldltåf/f cfof]lht k|bz{gLdf klg jxF ;xefuL x'g' eof] . lj=;= @)!& ;fndf 6'/li6 ljsf; ;ldltsf] cfof]hgfdf ePsf] kf]i6/ k|ltof]lutfdf jxfF bf];|f] x'g' ePsf] lyof] . lj=;= @)!& ;fn d} hgsk'/df Psn k|bz{gL ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . km]l/ lj=;= @)!& ;fn d} k6gf cf6{ :s"ndf klg jxfFn] k|bz{gL ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . lj=;= @)!( ;fndf k'/ftTj ljefusf] cfof]hgfdf Pl;ofnL lrqsnf k|bz{gLdf klg jxfFn] efu lng' ePsf] lyof] . lj=;= @)@) ;fnsf] efb|df k'/ftTj ljefusf] cfof]hgfdf ef/tsf] lbNnLdf lrqsnf k|bz{gL ug'{eof] . k'gM @)@) ;fn d} jxfFn] r}qdf ;]tf] dl5Gb|gfysf] d]nf nug6f]n sf7df8f}+df Psn k|bz}gL ug'{eof] . To;}u/L lj=l;= @)@! ;fndf sfe|]sf] ag]kfdf, @)!) ;fndf dIfgf/fo0f d]nfdf, @)@@ k'ifdf df6fsf] /+u k|of]u u/L tof/ u/]sf] s[lt gfkmfdf k|:t't u/L efu lng' ePsf], @)$) ;fndf l;h{gf cf6{ Uofn/Ldf l;5fy{ cf6{ Uofn/Ldf, kfs{ Uofn/Ldf Pj+ cGo Uofn/Lx?df efu lng' ePsf] lyof] . lj=;= @)$# ;fndf wgu9Ldf Ps snf k|bz{gL ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . lj=;= @)$^ df3df kNk;f cf6{ Uofn/L sf7df8f}+df Uofn/L s} cfof]hgfdf Psn k|bz{gL ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . lj=;= @)$$ ;fndf sLlt{k'/ d} sLlt{k'/sf o'jf snfsf/ ;ldltsf] cfof]hgfdf gu/ d08n >L sLlt{ljxf/ ;f]x|v'§]df Psn k|bz{gL ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . To;}u/L lj=;= @)$) ;fndf x:tsnf pBf]u ljsf; ;Nnxfsf/ ;ldltsf] ;+of]hsTjdf cfof]lht k|bz{gL, @)$@ ;fndf g]kfn snfsf/ ;dfh u7g x'Fbf @)$* ;fndf af9L lkl8tsf ;xof]ufy{ l;h{gf cf6{ Uofn/Ldf, lj=;= @)$( ;fndf >L gu kfNkfsf] afn-k':tsfnodf, lj=;= @)%) ;fndf lj/f6gu/ dx]Gb| ax'd'vL SofDk;df tyf lj=;= @)%! ;fndf ;'v]{tdf klg k|bz{gLx?sf] cfof]hgf ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .

:j= s'ndfg l;+xsf JolQmTjdf d}n] kfPf] Pp6f u'0f s] xf] eg] jxfF ;fgf-7"nf ;a} snfsf/sf k|bz{gLx?df k'Ug'x'GYof] / cfkm"nfO{ lrQ ga'em]sf s'/f eGg'x'GYof] / sltko 7fpFdf t jxfF gofF z}nL / k|ljlwdf l;Sg ;d]t vf]Hg' x'GYof] . cfhsn 7"nf snfsf/ cfk"mn] yfxf gkfPsf] s'/f ;fgf snfsf/ ;Fu ;f]Wbf …;fgf]Ú eOG5 eGg] 7fG5g\ t/ s'ndfg l;+xdf Tof] efjgf lyPg / jfxfF k|z+;fof]Uo JolQmsf] /fd|f];Fu k|z+;f ug{ kl5 kg'{ x'GYof] . jxfF g]kfnL snfsf] ljsf;df nflu ;f+u7flgs ?kdf klg ljlegg ;+3-;+:yf;Fu ;xsfo{ ug'{x'GYof] . jxfF g]kfndf snfsf] ljsf;sf nflu snfsf/x/sf] 5'§} nlntsnf Ps]8]dL v'Ng' k5{ eg]/ eGg] ug'{x'GYof] . lj=;= @)!@-!# ;fndf jxfF g]kfnL snf ;ldlt s]Gb|sf ;b:o, g]kfn nlntsnf ;+:yf …gfkmfÚ sf] ;b:o, g]kfn nlntsnf Ps]8]dL ljwfg d:of}{bf ;ldltsf rf/ ;b:ox? dWo] Ps ;b:o klg x'g'x'GYof] . snf If]qsf] l;h{gfTds, /rgfTds Pj+ ;f+u7flgs ljsf;df o;/L nflu kg'{ eP jfkt pxfFn] y'k|} ;Ddfgx? klg k|fKt ug'{ ePsf] 5 .

o;/L snf hLjg ;+3if{ k"0f{ tl/sfn] afFRg' ePsf snfsf/ e08f/Lsf] lgwg eg] cToGt} c:jfefljs 9+saf6 x'g k'Uof] . s]xL lbg cl3 dfq d jxfFsf] >LdtL / 5f]/fnfO[ e]6f}+ elg uPsf] lyPF . cfFvf e/L cfFz' hdfP/ e¥ofËdf a;L jxfFsL >ldtLn] eGg'ePsf] lyof] - æJoyf nfu] s} yfxf kfOPg afa', s] eP s} yfxf gkfO{ hfg' ef], s]xL ug]{ ;do g} kfOPgÆ . jxfFsf] ljjfx lj=;= @))! ;fndf >LdtL r}tGo s'df/L ;Fu ePsf] lyof] . jxfFsf $ 5f]/f lyP . h;dWo] jxfFsf Ps 5f]/f dfq jxfFsf kIfdf b]lvg' eof] . h;sf] gfd /fds[i0f e08/L xf] / pgL klg clxn] s'zn / ;fwgf/t d"lt{sf/sf ?kdf pkl:yt 5g\ . s'ndfg l;+xsL Ps 5f]/L klg 5g\ . ;du|df eGg' kbf{ jxfFsf] hLjg cTogt} si6k|b eO{ ljt]sf] b]lvG5 . afn / o'jf cj:yfdf Jojxf/ / cfly{s sl7gfOn] ;'vsf] cg'ej ug{ kfpg' ePg kl5 ;'v kfpg] ;dodf pxfFnfO{ jxfFsf # 5f]/fx?n] ;'v;Fu a:g lbPgg\ . jxfFsf] hGdynf] ltgyfgfdf cfkm\g} 5f]/f tyf cfkmGtn] lgs} x]k] jxfFsf lrqx? Roflt lbP, /+ux? vf];]/ km\ofFsL lbP, a|;x? 6'qmf-6'q,f u/L effrL lbP . pgnfO{ cfkm\g} hldg ;d]t hf]Tg lbPgg\ . d'2f eGg] yfxf g'xFbf hfnL d'2f xfn] . cfkm'n] nufPsf] anL sf6\g lbPgg\ . afnL sf6\g uPsL cfOdfOnfO{ a]xf]; x'g] u/L lk6], k'nL; nufP/ b'Mv lbP . kmn:j?k pgL tLgyfgf 5f]8]/ sLlt{k'/df cfO{ 8]/f u/L a:g yfn] . pgsf d"lt{sf/ 5f]/fn] eg] pgnfO{ ;fy lbP/ ;Fu cfP . of] kfl/jfl/s snx cfkm\g} 5f]/fx/sf] Tof] a}dg:ytf g} pgsf] hLjgsf] 7"nf] kL8f lyof] . pgL sLlt{k'/df :yfgLo hgtfsf] 7"nf] ;Ddfg k|fKt u¥of] . s'ndfg sL cGoGt} j[4f >LdtLn] eg] cg';f/ jxfFnfO{ cfkm}n] kl;gf lbPgg, d'2fdf cfkm\g} afa'nfO[ s'6lk6 u/], ;xg} g;s]/ xfdL oxfF cfof}+ . xfdLnfO{ s]xL lbPgg\ .

cGttM hLjgsf] clGtd ;dodf jxfFnfO{ v'§f b'v]sfn] sLlt{k'/df cfkm" a;]sf] 7fpF eGbf ! 306f 6f9f 8fS6/ ;fyLsf]df uP/ …Go"/f]ljgÚ OGh]S;g lng' x'GYof] . Ps k6s 8fS6/n] !) j6f ;'O{ lng' k5{ eGof], * j6f lnP kl5 lx8\g} ;Sg' ePg . ysfOn] xf]nf elg kl/jfn] -cfdf,5f]/f_ Tolt Vofn /fv]gg\ . To; kl5 Joyf aGof] sLlt{k'/ d} glhs} sf] lSngLsdf hfFr]sf]df ;a} 7Ls 5 eGof] . To; kl5 emfg uNg' ef] . To;sf] ef]lnkN6 kf6g xl:k6n nluof] . ToxfF hl08; ePsf] eGof] . ToxL lbg ptf # 5f]/fx?n] xfn]sf] d'2fsf] k]z lyof] . afa'nfO{ x:kL6n d} 5f8L /fds[i0f e08f/L -d"lt{sf/ 5f]/f_ k'g/fj]bg cbfnt k'u] . ToxfF l9nf ePsf]n] cfkm'n] jlsnx? h'6fpg gEofpFb} ldl;n g} gx]/L km};nf ul/ lbof] . pgn] EofpFb} EofPgg\ . clg pgL 3/ uP . s'ndfgnfO{ 3/ nlu;s]sf] lyof] . Tof] va/ ;'g]/ s'ndfg emg lrlGtt eP . to;n] emg Joyf a9\b} uof] . kf6g c:ktfndf k'gM nluof] sn]hf] / lkQ y}nL aLrsf] gzfdf cj/f] (Blcok) ePsf] 5 o;sf] ck|]zg ug{ ;lsb}g eg] . To;sf] lbg kl5 Joyf sd eof] . cf}iflw lbof] . $ lbg kl5 km]l/ nfg' k¥of] c:ktfn . kf6g c:ktfnn] jL/. c:ktfn k7fOlbof] . jL/ c:ktfn nusf] $ lbg kl5 !)) j6f eGb a9L ck|sflzt sljtfx? cgo snf ;DaGwL n]vx?, ;femf k|sfzgnfO{ lbPsf] afn ;flxTo ;DaGwL n]v, k|1f k|lti7fgnfO{ lbPsf] snf ;DaGwL n]v, 3/ d} /fv]sf] @ j6f ;+:d/0f n]v, y'k|} snfs[ltx? / cfkm\gf tdfdf z'e lrGtsnfO{ 5f8]/ @)%& ;fpg 2 ut] /ftsf] !!= %* ah] jxFf o; nf]saf6 k/nf]s k|:yfg ug'{ eof] .